PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.